CPR Information Page

Company A -- New Fairfield Volunteer Fire Department

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CPR Information Page

Did you know:

Brain Damage Time Table

0 Minutes – Breathing stops – Heart will soon stop beating
0-4 Minutes – Clinical Death
4-6 Minutes – Brain Damage Possible
4+ Minutes – Biological Death
6-10 Minutes – Brain Damage Likely
10 + Minutes – Brain Damage

1.Make sure environment is safe to enter
2. Check for unresponsiveness
(tap shoulders, clapping)
3. Call 911 Immediately
4. Check Airway
5. Check Breathing
6. Check Circulation
7. Always wear a mouth barrier, such as face guard or face shield
8. NEVER give anything by mouth to a stranger, always be prepared with protection.

Some Important basic definitions:

Airway (A)
The Airway is the passage Air takes to get to the lungs. The most common cause of Airway blockage in an unconscious patient is the tongue.

Breathing (B)
Breathing is when your body uses your lungs to move air in and our of your system. Air contains 21% Oxygen. The human body only uses 4% out of the 21%. The air we exhale still contains 16% Oxygen, this is why Artificial Respiration is successful in sustaining life in a non-breathing patient.

Circulation (C)
Without Oxygen, brain cells will start to die after 4-6 minutes. Once oxygen is in the blood, it will get circulated by the heart through arteries in your body, most importantly, to the brain. Once you have assessed Breathing, you must check to see if there are signs of circulation. This is done by checking the pulse at the carotid artery.

Artificial Respiration (AR)
Is when a rescuer artificially breathes air into the lungs of a victim that cannot breathe on their own.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
Is when a rescuer artificially breathes air into the lungs and circulates the O2 enriched blood through the body of a victim without a pulse

CPR REVIEW - INFANT
These guidelines are to be used only for reference material. We strongly advise you to take CPR & First Aid courses. Contact your local training facility for more information. Dont' hesitate to take courses. There are trainers who can train CPR in 4 hours. 4 hours and you'll have the necessary knowledge to save a life.
Treatment - Infant CPR ( Newborn - 1 Year) These are the necessary steps for Child CPR. 1) Make sure infant is on a hard surface lying on their back. CPR will not work properly if infant is in their crib or in any other position other than on their back. 2) Landmark – With an infant landmarking is different. Bare the chest. Create an imaginary line between the infants nipples. Take your index finger and put it on the center of the line. On the same hand use your middle finger and your ring finger and place them beside your index finger which is on the imaginary line. These two fingers will be what you use to perform the chest compressions. Just two fingers. No more. 3) Perform chest compressions with the two fingers on the infants chest. Use your free hand to secure the infants head and to tilt the head back to open the airway. 20 cycles of 5 chest compressions to 1 breathe (puff). Make sure the compressions are about 2 compressions / second. It might seem fast but it’s needed for proper circulation. Make sure each compression is 0.5 to 1 inches in depth.
USE PROPER MOUTH PROTECTION. Face shield or Face mask. 20 cycles of: 20 x 5 Compressions – 1 breath (puff) Re-asses – If infant is non-responsive continue CPR until medical help arrives. 4) If infants pulse begins and breathing is not present start AR. 1 puff of air for every 3 seconds. (refer to section Infant AR) 5) If patient begins to breathe and has a pulse, take the infant in your arms, hold them so that their mouth is pointing towards you and the feet are elevated. They will most likely vomit, make sure you clear out the vomit to maintain airway with your pinky finger. 6) Keep the infant warm, monitor ABC’s and wait for EMS to arrive.

CPR REVIEW - CHILD
These guidelines are to be used only for reference material. We strongly advise you to take CPR & First Aid courses. Contact your local training facility for more information. Dont' hesitate to take courses. There are trainers who can train CPR in 4 hours. 4 hours and you'll have the necessary knowledge to save a life.
Treatment - Child CPR ( 1-8 Years ) These are the necessary steps for Child CPR. 1) Make sure patient is on a hard surface lying on their back. CPR will not work properly if patient is on a bed or in any other position other than on their back. 2) Landmark – Landmarking is done by placing your middle finger on the xiphoid (the bottom tip of the breast bone). Place your index finger beside your middle finger and then put the palm of your hand beside both fingers. You have landmarked! This is to find the proper area on the chest for heart compressions. With a child it’s best to bare the chest, finding the correct positioning is extremely important. You could break the Zyphoid bone creating more complications. Landmark properly! 3) Perform chest compressions with one hand on chest, the other on child’s forehead in the head tilt position. 20 cycles of 5 chest compressions to 1 breathe. Make sure the compressions are about 2 compressions / second. It might seem fast but it’s needed for proper circulation. Make sure each compression is 1 to 1.5 inches in depth. Remember, this child is clinically dead, you are trying to revive them, do not be afraid to break bones during compressions. 1 to 1.5 inches of depth is critical.
MAKE SURE YOU ARE USING PROPER MOUTH PROTECTION. 20 cycles of: 20 x 5 Compressions – 1 breath Re-asses – If child is non-responsive continue CPR until medical help arrives. 30 minutes of cpr is usually the max amount of time a rescuer should attempt CPR, or until you just cannot continue anymore. 4) If child’s pulse begins and breathing is not present start AR. 1 breathe for every 3 seconds. (refer to section Child AR) 5) If child begins to breathe and has a pulse, place them in the recovery position. They will vomit, make sure you clear out the vomit to maintain airway. 6) Place a CPR-Pro Thermal Blanket on patient (if available) and monitor ABC’s until help arrives.

CPR REVIEW - ADULT

These guidelines are to be used only for reference material. We strongly advise you to take CPR & First Aid courses. Contact your local training facility for more information. Dont' hesitate to take courses. There are trainers who can train CPR in 4 hours. 4 hours and you'll have the necessary knowledge to save a life.

Treatment - Adult CPR ( 8 years +)

These are the necessary steps for Adult CPR.
1) Make sure patient is on a hard surface lying on their back. CPR will not work properly if patient is on a bed or in any other position other than on their back.
2) Landmark – Landmarking is done by placing your middle finger on the xiphoid (the bottom tip of the breast bone). Place your index finger beside your middle finger and then put the palm of your hand beside both fingers. You have landmarked! This is to find the proper area on the chest for heart compressions.
3) Perform chest compressions. 4 cycles of 15 chest compressions to 2 breathes. Make sure the compressions are about 2 compressions / second. It might seem fast but it’s needed for proper circulation. Make sure each compression is 1.5 to 2 inches in depth. Remember, this person is clinically dead, you are trying to revive them, do not be afraid to break bones during compressions. 1.5 to 2 inches of depth is critical.

MAKE SURE YOU ARE USING PROPER MOUTH PROTECTION.
15 cycles – 2 breaths (each breathe should be 2 seconds in length)
15 cycles – 2 breaths
15 cycles – 2 breaths
15 cycles – 2 breaths
Re-asses – If patient is non-responsive continue CPR until medical help arrives. 30 minutes of cpr is usually the max amount of time a rescuer should attempt CPR, or until you just cannot continue anymore.
4) If patients pulse begins and breathing is not present start AR. 1 breathe for every 5 seconds. 5) If patient begins to breathe and has a pulse, place them in the recovery position. They will vomit, make sure you clear out the vomit to maintain airway.
6) Place a CPR-Pro Thermal Blanket on patient (if available) and monitor ABC’s until help arrives.

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New Fairfield Fire Department - Company A * 302 Ball Pond Road * New Fairfield * CT * 06812